DRUGS THAT EXCERT NARCOTIC EFFECTS

Endogenous opiates

• [Leu⁵]enkephalin
• [Met⁵]enkephalin
• Dynorphin A
• Dynorpin B
• β-endorphin (endorphins = endogenous morphine peptides)
• α-endorphin (endorphins = endogenous morphine peptides)
• β-neoendorphin (endorphins = endogenous morphine peptides)

Opium alkaloids

(almost 29 alkaloids are contained in the resin of the opium poppy (papaverum somniferum)

• Morphine
• Codeine
• Thebaine
• Papaverine
• Noscapine (narcotine)

Morphine derivatives agonists

• Hydromorphone (dihydromorphinone)
• N-pheniletilmoprhina
• Dihydrocodeine
• Hydrocodone
• Normorphine
• Oxymorphone
• Oxycodone
• Metopone
• Heroin or diamorphine (prodrug)

Mophine derivetives antagonists

• Naloxone (pure antagonist)
• Naltrexone (pure antagonist)
• Nalorphine (agonist/antagonist mixed)

Morphinan derivatives

• Levorphanol (agonist)
• Levomethorphan
• Dextromethorphan (potent antitussive)
• Levallorphan (partial agonist; antagonist mi, agonist k)
• Butorphanol
• Cyclorphan

Benzomorphan derivatives

• Benzomorphan is obtained by elimination of C ring of morphinans)
• Metazocin
• Phenazocine
• Pentazocine
• Cyclazocine

4-Phenylpiperidine derivatives

• α-prodine (trans Me/Ph)
• β-prodine (cis Me&Ph)
• Meperidine
• Bemidone (more active than meperidine)
• Ketobeidone (active as meperidine)
• Diphenoxylate
• Loperamide (Opioid agonist)

4-substituted piperidines

• Fentanyl
• Sufentanil
• Alfentanil
• Remifentanil

Phenylpropylamine derivatives

• Methadone (opioid agonist “receptor mi”)
• Isomethadone
• Phenadoxone
• Dextromoramide
• Normethadone (antitussive)
• Dipipanone
• Propoxyphene
• Dextropropoxyphene
• Tramadol
• Tapentadol

Oripavine derivatives

(Thebaine reaction with an appropriate dienophiles bring to oripavine derivatives)

• Etorphine (1000-10.000 times more potent than morphine – only vet use)
• Buprenorphine (20-30 times more potent than morphine)
• Diprenorphine
• 7PET