DRUGS TO TREAT EPILEPSY

Antiepileptic drugs active on GABAergic transmission

Positive allosteric modulators of the GABA_A receptor

Barbiturates

• Phenobarbital
• Methylfenobarbital
• Methabarbital

Benzodiazepines (BDZ)

• Diazepam
• Clonazepam
• Nitrazepam
• Lorazepam
• Dipotassium clorazepate (prodrug)

GABA-Transaminase inhibitors (GABA-T inhibitors)

• Valproic acid (reversible)
• Vigabatrin (irreversible)
• Prebagalin

GABA Transporter inhibitors (GABA uptake inhibitors or GATI)

• Tigabine

Na⁺ channel blockers antiepileptic drugs (AED)

• Lamotrigine

2,6-dioxo-hesahydropyrimidine

• Primidone (PRM)
  • Phenobarbital (Primidone in vivo)
  • Phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) – PRM major metabolite

Hydantoin

• Phenytoin (PHT)
• Mephenytoin (toxic)
• Ethotoin

Iminostilbenes

• Carbamazepine
• Oxacarbazepine
• Monohydroxy carbamazepine

Ca⁺ channel blockers antiepileptic drugs (AED)

Oxazolidinediones

• Trimethadione
• Dimethadione
• Paramethadione

Succinimides

First line treatment for absence seizures

• Phensuximide
• Methsuximide
• Ethosuximide

AED active on glutamatergic transmission

• Felbamate (FBM)
• Meprobamate

New Antiepileptic drugs (AED)

• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide, benzolamide, etc.)
• Topiramate (TPM)
• Zonisamide
• Levetiracetam
• Gabapentin