CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTICS
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors (CWSIs) antibiotics
Penicillins (β-lactam antibiotics)
Natural penicillins
Penicillinase resistant penicillins (PRP) – Anti-staphilococcal
“Narrow-spectrum” (resistant to beta-lactamase = “penicillinase” inactivation)
Broad spectrum penicillins
Aminopenicillins
Carboxypenicilins – Antipseudomonal
Uredopenicillins – Antipseudomonal
β-lactamase inhibitors
- Sulbactam (ampicillin + sulbactam)
- Clavulanic Acid (amoxicillin or ticarcillin + potassium clavunalate)
- Tazobactam (piperacillin + tazobactam)
- Avibactam (cephtazidime + avibactam)
Focus on antistaphilococcal and antipseudomonal penicillins
- Anti-staphilococcal penicillins
- Cloxacillin (PRP)
- Flucloxacillin (PRP)
- Dicloxacillin (PRP)
- Methicillin (PRP)
- Nafcillin (PRP)
- Oxacillin (PRP)
- Anti-pseudomonal penicillins
- Carbenicillin (Carboxypenicillins)
- Ticarcillin (Carboxypenicillins)
- Piperacillin (Uredopenicillins)
Cephalosporins (β-lactam antibiotics)
Narrow spectrum cephalosporins (1st generation – 1G)
Expanded spectrum cephalosporins (2nd generation – 2G)
Broad spectrum cephalosporins (3rd generation – 3G)
Extended spectrum cephalosporins (4th generation – 4G)
5th generation cephalosporins – 5G
Carbapenems (β-lactam antibiotics)
Monobactams (β-lactam antibiotics)
Glycopeptides
Lipopeptides
Polipeptides
Cyclic polypeptides
Phosphoenolpyruvate analogue
- Phosphomycin (synthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic)
Antitubercular agents
- Isoniazid (first-line tuberculostatic, antimycobacterial agent)
- 4-aminosalicylic acid (against resistant strands of M. tuberculosis)
- Ethambutol (first-line antimycobacterial agent)
- Ethionamide (second-line antimycobacterial agent)
- D-cycloserine (adjuvant antibiotic used to treat TBC)
- Rifampicin (NAIs/RNA-SIs and antimycobacterial agent)
Protein synthesis inhibitors (PSIs) antibiotics
Aminoglycosides (30Sv ribosomal subunit inhibitors)
Tetracyclines (30Sv ribosomal subunit inhibitor inhibitors)
Glycylcycline (30Sv ribosomal subunit inhibitors)
Oxazolidines (50Sv ribosomal subunit inhibitors)
Macrolides (50Sv ribosomal subunit inhibitors)
Ketolides (50Sv ribosomal subunit inhibitors)
Lincosamides (50Sv ribosomal subunit inhibitors)
Streptogrammins (50Sv ribosomal subunit inhibitors)
Nucleic acid inhibitors (NAIs) antibiotics
DNA synthesis inhibitors (DNA-SIs)
Fluoroquinolones
- Ciprofloxacin
- Levofloxacin
- Clofazimine (clofazimine + rifampicin + dapsone = treats leprosy)
- Metronidazole
- Gatifloxacin
- Moxifloxacin
RNA synthesis inhibitors (RNA-SIs)
- Rifampicin (clofazimine + rifampicin + dapsone = treats leprosy)
- Rifabutin
Antimetabolites antibiotics
- Trimethoprim
- Sulfamethoxazole (sulphonamides)
- CO-Trimoxazole (Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole) Bactrim®
- Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
- Dapsone (clofazimine + rifampicin + dapsone = treats leprosy)
- Para-aminosalicylic acid